Which system is used to communicate between ships and shore stations?

The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is the correct answer because it is specifically designed as an international safety mechanism that enables ships to communicate distress signals and receive safety information from shore stations and other vessels. Introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the GMDSS employs a variety of communication services, including radio, satellite, and digital means to ensure effective maritime communication, particularly during emergencies. This system enhances safety at sea by allowing ships in distress to quickly communicate their situation to shore authorities, facilitating timely response efforts.

The other choices refer to various aspects of maritime communication and traffic management but do not serve the primary purpose of distress signaling and safety messaging like the GMDSS does. For instance, the International Maritime Communication Network (IMCN) is not a widely recognized system within maritime safety protocols, and the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) focuses on monitoring and managing maritime traffic in busy waterways rather than emergency communications. Similarly, the Shipboard Information and Communication System (SICS) may refer to onboard systems that handle routine communication but lacks the broad international safety focus of the GMDSS.